قارچ سیلوسایبین یا مجیک ماشروم حاوی انواع مختلفی از ترکیبات شیمیایی است. اولین و قابل توجه ترین ترکیب موجود در قارچ جادویی، ماده سیلوسایبیناست. این ماده متعلق به دسته ای از ترکیبات به نام تریپتامین ها است و به خودی خود روانگردان نیست اما از طریق فرآیندی به نام دفسفوریلاسیون در بدن به سیلوسین تبدیل می شود. سیلوسین از نظر ساختاری شبیه سروتونین می باشد که یک انتقال دهنده عصبی است و در تنظیم خلق و خو، ادراک و شناخت نقش دارد. این ماده عمدتاً با اتصال به گیرنده‌های سروتونین در مغز، به ویژه گیرنده 5-HT2A عمل می‌کند و منجر به تغییر حالت‌های هوشیاری و ادراکی می‌شود.
روشی نوین در درمان قطعی سرطان ریه با استفاده از هوش مصنوعی
درمان سرطان ریه با استفاده از هوش مصنوعی منجر به درمان قطعی و امیدوارکننده سرطان می شود. هوش مصنوعی براساس داده‌های موجود از اطلاعات بالینی بیمار تا داده های رادیومیک، در ترکیب با ویژگی‌های بیمار و تومور، دوز دقیق دارو و زمان مناسب تجویز دارو را تعیین می کند. با استفاده از طراحی الگوریتم های هوش مصنوعی نحوه تجزیه و تحلیل و تفسیر دادهای بیمار آموزش داده می شود. به این ترتیب، الگوریتم های توسعه یافته الگوهایی را انتخاب می کنند که برای مغز انسان به راحتی قابل تشخیص نیستند وهمانطور که این الگوریتم ها در معرض داده های جدید بیشتری قرار می گیرند، توانایی آنها در یاد گیری و تفسیر داده ها بهبود می یابد.
سرطان بیماری است که در آن سلولهای غیر طبیعی به صورت کنترل نشده تکثیر یافته و می توانند بافتهای مجاور را درگیر کنند. این بیماری، در سیستم تنظیم و تعادل رشد سلولی اختلال ایجاد می‌کند و منجر به تکثیر و تقسیم غیرمجاز و بیش از حد سلول‌ها می‌شود و در نهایت توده ای به نام تومور ایجاد می‌کند. در سرطان ریه، این الگوی رشد بیش از حد سلولی در بافت ریه دیده می‌شود. سرطان ریه دومین سرطان شایع در جهان است. این بیماری زمانی ایجاد می شود که سلولهای سرطانی در بافت ریه شروع به تقسیم بی‌رویه کرده و منجر به کاهش توانایی تنفس فرد می شوند. اغلب زمانی که بیماری پیشرفت کرده یا به سایر نواحی بدن گسترش (متاستاز) پیدا می کند، علائم بالینی ایجاد می شود.
قارچ سیلوسایبین یا مجیک ماشروم حاوی انواع مختلفی از ترکیبات شیمیایی است. اولین و قابل توجه ترین ترکیب موجود در قارچ جادویی، ماده سیلوسایبین است. این ماده متعلق به دسته ای از ترکیبات به نام تریپتامین ها است و به خودی خود روانگردان نیست اما از طریق فرآیندی به نام دفسفوریلاسیون در بدن به سیلوسین تبدیل می شود. سیلوسین از نظر ساختاری شبیه سروتونین می باشد که یک انتقال دهنده عصبی است و در تنظیم خلق و خو، ادراک و شناخت نقش دارد. این ماده عمدتاً با اتصال به گیرنده‌های سروتونین در مغز، به ویژه گیرنده 5-HT2A عمل می‌کند و منجر به تغییر حالت‌های هوشیاری و ادراکی می‌شود.
Psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy (PAP) is a type of psychiatric practice that includes a pharmaceutical grade psychedelic drug, such as MDMA or psilocybin, as part of a psychotherapeutic treatment program. Patients typically will receive a moderate to large dose administered during a number of sessions that are spaced over several weeks.
The procedure for psychedelic therapy differs from conventional psychiatric medication. While conventional medication is usually taken without close, immediate supervision, psychedelic therapy is administered in a controlled, supervised environment where the therapist provides support throughout.
Microdosing
Because the drugs administered are pharmaceutical-grade and involve larger doses, PAP is quite different to microdosing. Microdosing is the practice of consuming very small amounts of an illegally obtained psychoactive substance, usually LSD or other hallucinogen like magic mushrooms, in order to improve productivity, creativity, mood and overall sense of wellbeing, without inducing a ‘high’ or signs of intoxication. Typically, small doses are taken regularly or intermittently for an extended period; the duration of use varies from person to person. Although microdosing may be used in a therapeutic setting, this is relatively uncommon.
Despite its popularity, problems abound in relation to microdosing, as dose amounts are neither standardized or regulated; unintended and unpredictable side-effects are possible. There is also the potential for developing tolerance, meaning that over time, one might need to increase the dose to achieve the same effects.
Clinical Trials and The Efficacy of Psilocybin for PTSD Treatment
In a study published by Roseman et al. at Imperial College London, patients showed a greater inclination to accept all of their emotions, including negative ones, after treatment with psilocybin. Researchers believe that psilocybin facilitates the processing of negative memories and experiences and allows patients to “reconnect” with their emotions. The scientific community has also focused on studying the therapeutic potential of psilocybin in treating complex PTSD (C-PTSD). Complex PTSD symptoms can be similar to but more persistent and severe than those of regular PTSD, and they may not manifest until years after the traumatic event. Researchers believe that psilocybin can play a role in the recovery process of C-PTSD. The obtained results indicate the efficacy of psilocybin in Clinical Trials Using Psilocybine and promising advancements in the treatment of PTSD-related disorders. By raising awareness and encouraging individuals to access available treatments, concerns and symptoms associated with these disorders decrease, leading to increased adherence to the treatment process.
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a psychological condition that manifests through the presence of obsessions and/or compulsions in an individual’s behavior and thoughts. These obsessions are characterized by repetitive and persistent images, impulses, or desires that are distressing and unwanted. In response to these obsessions, individuals with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder engage in specific actions or rituals in order to attain a sense of “perfection” or alleviate their anxiety. It has been observed that compulsive behaviors often precede the onset of obsessive thoughts, with the latter emerging as a secondary response.
The symptoms exhibited by individuals with OCD commonly revolve around various concerns. These may include excessive worries about contamination, leading to frequent washing or cleaning rituals. Additionally, individuals may experience persistent fears of causing harm to themselves or others, resulting in constant checking behaviors. Intrusive thoughts of an aggressive or sexual nature may also be present, alongside preoccupations with symmetry and counting. It is worth noting that Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) can be accompanied by a range of atypical symptoms, such as irregular heartbeats, heightened sensitivity to certain sounds (e.g., the sound of chewing food), intrusive mental imagery, or even the co-occurrence of bulimia nervosa. Another characteristic feature of individuals with OCD is their tendency to avoid engaging in certain activities or behaviors as a means of evading their obsessions.
Overall, the symptoms of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) encompass a wide array of manifestations, all of which contribute to the distress and impairment experienced by individuals affected by this disorder.
Psilocybin therapy is employed for individuals who are resistant to current therapeutic methods. This approach has shown success in alleviating depression, anxiety, or the feeling of fear and disappointment related to illness particularly in individuals with cancer. It is used as a treatment option for individuals who have been resistant to the current treatment approaches for depression. This method has high potential in reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety and promoting long-lasting recovery. Furthermore, psilocybin therapy has shown promising results for patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It has demonstrated notable positive effects in treating this condition.
Due to the expansive therapeutic index of psilocybin (1:1000) and a generally unattainable lethal dose, psilocybin boasts a favorable safety profile. In comparison to other psychedelics like MDMA and DMT, psilocybin exhibits a lower incidence of seizures, hospital admissions, and other severe adverse effects. Additionally, it lacks addictive or reinforcing properties. Several dose-escalating studies, involving supratherapeutic doses such as 50–60 mg or 5–6 grams, have yielded positive results with minimal safety concerns.
Eating disorder becomes acute up to an amount that impacts the physical, psychological, and social functionality of an individual. Eating disorder has lots of types, each of which has its own unique symptoms and diagnostic criteria. This condition is determined by abnormal neural responses to eating.
Different types of eating disorders which we examine in the following are:
Bulimia nervosa is a serious eating disorder and it is distinguished by episodes of binge eating and Inappropriate compensatory behaviors (ICBs). These behaviors often include purging through self-induced vomiting to recompense for overeating Individuals affected by this disorder frequently skip regular meals but tend to compensate by overeating in subsequent meals or consuming low-calorie foods and then high-calorie and fatty foods. For the majority of people, Bulimia involves consuming excessive amounts of food in a short period, surpassing what is considered typical for a similar time and situation. It is typically accompanied by a loss of self-control over the cessation of the eating.
Clinical Trials and The Efficacy of Psilocybin for PTSD Treatment
In a study published by Roseman et al. at Imperial College London, patients showed a greater inclination to accept all of their emotions, including negative ones, after treatment with psilocybin. Researchers believe that psilocybin facilitates the processing of negative memories and experiences and allows patients to “reconnect” with their emotions. The scientific community has also focused on studying the therapeutic potential of psilocybin in treating complex PTSD (C-PTSD). Complex PTSD symptoms can be similar to but more persistent and severe than those of regular PTSD, and they may not manifest until years after the traumatic event. Researchers believe that psilocybin can play a role in the recovery process of C-PTSD. The obtained results indicate the efficacy of psilocybin in Clinical Trials Using Psilocybine and promising advancements in the treatment of PTSD-related disorders. By raising awareness and encouraging individuals to access available treatments, concerns and symptoms associated with these disorders decrease, leading to increased adherence to the treatment process.
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